Impact of dementia on 30-, 180-, and 365-day mortality during the first pandemic wave in older adults seen in spanish emergency departments diagnosed with or without COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether dementia is an independent predictor of death after a hospital emergency department (ED) visit by older adults with or without a COVID-19 diagnosis during the first pandemic wave. METHOD: We used data from the EDEN-Covid (Emergency Department and Elderly Needs during Covid) cohort formed by all patients ≥65 years seen in 52 Spanish EDs from March 30 to April 5, 2020. The association of prior history of dementia with mortality at 30, 180 and 365 d was evaluated in the overall sample and according to a COVID-19 or non COVID diagnosis. RESULTS: We included 9,770 patients aged 78.7 ± 8.3 years, 51.1% men, 1513 (15.5%) subjects with prior history of dementia and 3055 (31.3%) with COVID-19 diagnosis. 1399 patients (14.3%) died at 30 d, 2008 (20.6%) at 180 days and 2456 (25.1%) at 365 d. The adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) for age, sex, comorbidity, disability and diagnosis for death associated with dementia were 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.34) at 30 d; 1.15 at 180 d (95% CI 1.03-1.30) and 1.19 at 365 d (95% CI 1.07-1.32), p < .001. In patients with COVID-19, the aHR were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.04-1.52) at 30 days; 1.29 at 180 d (95% CI: 1.09-1.53) and 1.35 at 365 d (95% CI: 1.15-1.58). CONCLUSION: Dementia in older adults attending Spanish EDs during the first pandemic wave was independently associated with 30-, 180- and 365-day mortality. This impact was lower when adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity and disability, and was greater in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Evaluación de las visitas a urgencias previas a un diagnóstico de VIH: oportunidades perdidas / Evaluation of emergency department visits prior to an HIV diagnosis: Missed opportunities

Objetivo: Existe una elevada tasa de infección oculta y diagnóstico tardío en el VIH. Los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) son un punto importante de atención sanitaria. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo conocer el número de oportunidades perdidas para el diagnóstico de VIH que ocurren en los SUH. Método: Estudio multicéntrico de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de infección por el VIH en el año 2019 en 27 hospitales españoles de 7 comunidades autónomas diferentes. Se revisaron todos los episodios de consulta en los SUH en los 5años previos al diagnóstico para conocer el motivo de consulta y si este representaba una oportunidad perdida para el diagnóstico de VIH. Resultado: Se incluyeron 723 pacientes, y 352 de ellos (48,7%; IC95%: 45,1-52,3%) presentaron al menos una visita a un SUH durante los 5años anteriores al diagnóstico (mediana2; p25-p75: 1-4). Ciento dieciocho pacientes (16,3%; IC95%: 13,8-19,2%) presentaron oportunidad perdida de diagnóstico. Las principales consultas fueron consumo de drogas (145 [15%]), infecciones de transmisión sexual (91 [9,4%]) y solicitud de profilaxis de VIH postexposición (39 [4%]). Ciento cincuenta y cinco (42,9%) de los 352 tenían menos de 350CD4/mm3 cuando se estableció el diagnóstico de VIH. En los pacientes con visitas previas a urgencias, el tiempo medio hasta el diagnóstico desde esta visita fue de 580 (DE647) días. Conclusiones: El 16% de los pacientes diagnosticados de VIH perdieron la oportunidad de ser diagnosticados en los 5años previos al diagnóstico, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar medidas de cribado en los SUH diferentes a las actuales para mejorar estos resultados.(AU)

Objective: There is a high rate of occult infection and late diagnosis in HIV. Hospital emergency departments (ED) are an important point of health care. The present work aims to know the number of missed opportunities for HIV diagnosis occurring in the ED. Method: Retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all patients diagnosed with HIV infection in 2019 in 27 Spanish hospitals in 7 different autonomous communities. All ED consultation episodes in the 5years prior to diagnosis were reviewed to find out the reason for consultation and whether this represented a missed opportunity for HIV diagnosis. Result: Seven hundred twenty-three patients were included, and 352 (48.7%; 95%CI: 45.1%-52.3%) had at least one ED visit during the 5years prior to diagnosis (median2; p25-p75: 1-4). One hundred and eighteen patients (16.3%; 95%CI: 13.8%-19.2%) had a missed diagnostic opportunity. The main consultations were drug use (145 [15%]), sexually transmitted infections (91 [9.4%]) and request for post-exposure HIV prophylaxis (39 [4%]). One hundred and fifty-five (42.9%) of the 352 had less than 350CD4/mm3 when the HIV diagnosis was established. In patients with previous ED visits, the mean time to diagnosis from this visit was 580 (SD647) days. Conclusions: Sixteen percent of patients diagnosed with HIV missed the opportunity to be diagnosed in the 5years prior to diagnosis, highlighting the need to implement ED screening measures different from current ones to improve these outcomes.(AU)

Evaluation of emergency department visits prior to an HIV diagnosis: Missed opportunities.

OBJECTIVE: There is a high rate of occult infection and late diagnosis in HIV. Hospital emergency departments (ED) are an important point of health care. The present work aims to know the number of missed opportunities for HIV diagnosis occurring in the ED. METHOD: Retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all patients diagnosed with HIV infection in 2019 in 27 Spanish hospitals in 7 different autonomous communities. All ED consultation episodes in the 5 years prior to diagnosis were reviewed to find out the reason for consultation and whether this represented a missed opportunity for HIV diagnosis. RESULT: Seven hundred twenty-three patients were included, and 352 (48.7%, 95%CI: 45.1%-52.3%) had at least one ED visit during the 5 years prior to diagnosis (median 2, p25-p75: 1-4). One hundred and eighteen patients (16.3%, 95%CI: 13.8%-19.2%) had a missed diagnostic opportunity. The main consultations were drug use [145 (15%)], sexually transmitted infections [91 (9.4%)] and request for post-exposure HIV prophylaxis [39 (4%)]. One hundred and fifty-five (42.9%) of the 352 had less than 350 CD4/mm3 when the HIV diagnosis was established. In patients with previous ED visits, the mean time to diagnosis from this visit was 580 (SD 647) days. CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen percent of patients diagnosed with HIV missed the opportunity to be diagnosed in the 5 years prior to diagnosis, highlighting the need to implement ED screening measures different from current ones to improve these outcomes.